Breakthrough In Pain Treatment For Dogs With Osteosarcoma

Between 6000-8000 dogs in the United States receive treatment for Osteosarcoma each year.  Typically a disease of large breed dogs, Osteosarcoma can affect breeds of all sizes.  As the disease progresses, it reshapes normal healthy bone tissue and changes it to tumorous bone.  In dogs as in people, this remodeling process becomes increasingly more painful as the disease progresses, impacting activity levels and quality of life.<br /><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU8WAiMGgwjCnIvQI1Odjs7vPDmZi0jw_Cm44OD5T__MlJJK68AveP-ZClNZRiGy7Ul0TAT1sXWa9YWAYiam-6VyjIL_tO7uo3ZLqTU_snoG1JK-z-hT0yPmlUbsdtpMgRFIbf1O7jHWIA/s1600/1+osteosarcoma-x-ray-sarcoma-images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU8WAiMGgwjCnIvQI1Odjs7vPDmZi0jw_Cm44OD5T__MlJJK68AveP-ZClNZRiGy7Ul0TAT1sXWa9YWAYiam-6VyjIL_tO7uo3ZLqTU_snoG1JK-z-hT0yPmlUbsdtpMgRFIbf1O7jHWIA/s320/1+osteosarcoma-x-ray-sarcoma-images.jpg" height="320" width="187" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><em style="background-color: #fefefe; color: #777777; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Dr. Vladimir Osipov Sarcomaimages.com</span></em></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><h3>The Dorothy Cimino Brown, DVM and Kimberly Agnello DVM University of Pennsylvania Study</h3><div>Seventy dogs suffering from Osteosarcoma participated in this study.  A variety of breeds were represented including Rottweilers, Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrieves and various mixed breeds. The average size of the dogs in the study was 90 pounds, and the average age fell between 8 and 9 years.  The study was conducted by splitting the group in half and treating both groups with standard care, while the second group also received a single injection of a Neurotoxin, SP-sap (P-saporin), near the tumor site.</div><div><br /></div><div>A similar neurotoxin many of us are familiar with is Botox, the anti-wrinkle injection. Botox acts to block signals from the nerves to the muscles, so that the muscles can no longer contract.  When specific muscles cannot contract, the wrinkle appears to soften.</div><div><br /></div><div>Similarly, SP-sap works by attaching itself to the pain sensing nerves. Once attached, the sap portion kills off the nerve.  The theory is, no more pain sensing nerve then no more pain.</div><div><br /></div><h3>Study Results</h3><div>Six weeks into the study, 74% of the dogs in the control group (those receiving only standard care) had significant increases in pain levels, and needed to be removed from the control group or "unblinded" in order to have their pain management adjusted.  </div><div><br /></div><div>In contrast with the control group, only 24% of the dogs in the SP-sap group needed to be "unblinded" for adjustments to their pain management.</div><div><br /></div><div>Additionally, the dogs in the control group, who were receiving only standard care, experienced a 6% increase in pain severity testing.  The dogs who received the single SP-sap injection experienced no increase in pain severity.</div><div><br /></div><div>And more encouraging, the dogs in the control group experienced and 8% decreases in how pain interferes with their daily activities, while the SP-sap group had a 5% improvement in their daily activities.</div><div><br /></div><div> <h3>The Implications</h3></div><div>As Osteosarcoma afflicts both dogs and people in the same manner, this study is potentially good news for both humans and canines.  Relieving pain is critical to improving the patient's quality of life, response to treatment and the overall patient outcome.  The positive results from this study are likely to spark further investigation into SP-sap and other neurotoxins for pain management of Osteosarcoma as well as other diseases with chronic pain symptoms as well.<br /><br />To learn more about this study visit:<a href="http://www.asahq.org/For-the-Public-and-Media/Press-Room/Anesthesiology-and-Other-Scientific-Press-Releases/Mans-Best-Friend.aspx" target="_blank"><span style="color: white;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px;">American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) (2013, October 23). Chronic pain in dogs with bone cancer relieved with new treatment.</span></a><br /><br /></div><script type="text/javascript"><!-- amazon_ad_tag = "bungonews-20"; amazon_ad_width = "600"; amazon_ad_height = "520";//--></script><script type="text/javascript" src="http://ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/s/ads.js"></script>

What To Feed Your Dog After Having Diarrhea or An Upset Stomach

<br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXDWykfyBNH8ystVIL4Ub4LEIafc815bQmdHggAY6IYnKmtZlheWxvN8yzmNf4kS9vW1dzh5CmAUeNGDWfbAPsCRZ3mMrGdwwFargDKpcajQ1l-G37CpCYYO1HEAuReMBL3EiFtEMmVnpe/s1600/362-dog-sleeping-on-the-road+(3).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXDWykfyBNH8ystVIL4Ub4LEIafc815bQmdHggAY6IYnKmtZlheWxvN8yzmNf4kS9vW1dzh5CmAUeNGDWfbAPsCRZ3mMrGdwwFargDKpcajQ1l-G37CpCYYO1HEAuReMBL3EiFtEMmVnpe/s1600/362-dog-sleeping-on-the-road+(3).jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #888888; font-size: 12px; line-height: 13.009260177612305px;">Source: Courtesy of PDPics.com</span></td></tr></tbody></table></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dogs are omnivores with scavenging tendencies. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This means they will eat almost anything,</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">and that can lead to bouts of diarrhea in dogs. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Diarrhea is defined as loose or water stools, and is the systems response to quickly eliminating something from the intestinal tract that is not good for them.</span><br /><h3><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />Causes of Acute Diarrhea in Dogs</span></h3><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Acute or sudden onset diarrhea</span></div><br /><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The dog may have picked up a bug or virus</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The dog has eaten something that does not agree with him</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Internal Parasites </span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Change in Diet</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Poison</span></li></ul><h3><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Causes of Chronic Diarrhea in Dogs</span></h3><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Food Allergies such as gluten or main protein ingredient allergy</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Inflammatory Bowel Disease</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kidney, Liver or Thyroid Disease</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Irritable Bowel Syndrome</span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Diarrhea does not necessarily warrant a trip to the vet.  If the dog appears to be in good health otherwise, then you can treat his symptoms at home with some simple remedies.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Foul smelling diarrhea indicates and an intestinal virus or internal parasites.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">If your dog is showing 2 or more of these symptoms:</span></div><div><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Vomiting</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lethargy</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Fever</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dehydration</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Blood in Stool</span></li></ul></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">You should make a trip to your vet.  If your dog is dehydrated and refusing water, this is potentially a life threatening condition.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div><h3><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What to Feed Your Dog After Having Diarrhea</span></h3><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">You will want to withhold food from your dog for at least 12 hours, to allow the digestive tract to calm down.  Feeding before the intestines have settled will only start the process of rapid elimination again.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Be sure he has access to plenty of fresh water. If he has eliminated large quantities of liquid, you can safely give him Pedialyte mixed with fresh water.  Pedialyte will help return the electrolytes back to normal levels.</span></div><h3><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">First Meal</span></h3><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Begin by boiling a large pot of rice, make at least 3 cups of boiled rice.  A Pepto Bismal tablet may be given to calm a queasy stomach.  (note: Pepto will turn stools blackish in color).</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Once the dog has not had diarrhea for 12 hours, you may begin by giving him <b>boiled rice</b> with a little canned pumpkin mixed in. (Don't use the microwave bagged rice from Uncle Bens, it has oil added to it to keep the grains from sticking together).</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">For a 40 pound dog, 1/2 cup rice and 2 tablespoons pumpkin for the first meal.  (Use only canned pumpkin and not the pie filling with spices in it).</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Pumpkin</b> helps stop diarrhea and adds bulk as well as nutrients to the rice. It is also a good source of Vitamin E, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium and Copper, and an excellent source of Dietary Fiber, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin K, Iron and Manganese.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">If you have access to<b> Purina FortiFlora</b>, you may sprinkle a sachet of powder on the rice as directed.  This will improve the palatability of the rice and help put beneficial bacteria back in the tract.</span></div><br /><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">See how you dog tolerates his first snack.  If after 2-3 hours there has been no further diarrhea, and your dog's appetite is strong, you may give him another cup of rice with 3 tablespoons canned pumpkin mixed in.</span></div><h3><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Second Meal</span></h3><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">If your dog has tolerated his first two snacks well, you can add shredded boiled chicken or grilled hamburger meat, with the fat drained off, to the rice and pumpkin mixture.  If you don't have access to Purina's ForiFlora, you may add a dollop of yogurt to the meal to help balance the bacteria in the intestinal tract.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">If your dog has not had diarrhea following the second meal, you may add half of his normal dog food to the a cup of rice and 3 tablespoons pumpkin. If all goes well after that meal, you may return to his normally feeding routine.</span></div><div><br /></div><h3><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Signs of Food Allergies in Dogs</span></h3><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dogs with food allergies may exhibit a variety of the following symptoms:</span></div><div><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Licking paws or front legs until the fur turns dark red or is worn away</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Chronic yeasty ear infections</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Weeping eyes or red stains under the eyes</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bad Breath</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Diarrhea or loose stools</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Excessive Gas</span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Switching to foods that are grain free may help alleviate the allergy.  Chicken is frequently a cause of food allergies, as most chicken used in dog food is raised with antibiotics and growth hormones.  Switching to a main protein such as lamb, salmon or venison may help isolate the cause of the food allergy.</span><br /><h3><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Probiotics for Dogs with Chronic Diarrhea</span></h3><br /><div></div><br /><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">If your dog has chronic diarrhea, and your vet has not been able to isolate the cause of it, probiotics given on a daily basis may resolve the issue.  <a href="http://solaras.hubpages.com/_recommendedK9/hub/Dog-Diet-The-Best-Probiotics-for-Dogs-with-Diarrhea-and-Allergies-Reviewed" target="_blank">Dog Probiotics improve immune system health as well as adding beneficial bacteria to the intestinal tract. </a></span></div></div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div></div><iframe frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=US&source=ac&ref=tf_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=themodbar-20&marketplace=amazon&region=US&placement=B001TL3DQW&asins=B001TL3DQW&linkId=QY374WAHSR5YB77G&show_border=true&link_opens_in_new_window=true" style="height: 240px; width: 120px;"></iframe><iframe frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=US&source=ac&ref=tf_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=bungonews-20&marketplace=amazon&region=US&placement=B001650NNW&asins=B001650NNW&linkId=TJ2GYOHEHHUC52YC&show_border=true&link_opens_in_new_window=true" style="height: 240px; width: 120px;"></iframe><iframe frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=US&source=ac&ref=tf_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=bungonews-20&marketplace=amazon&region=US&placement=B006CBD7UQ&asins=B006CBD7UQ&linkId=OCXZN7MPPL2RECTG&show_border=true&link_opens_in_new_window=true" style="height: 240px; width: 120px;"></iframe><br /><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Purina's FortiFlora is a palatable powder that can be sprinkled over the dogs food at any time he is experiencing loose stools. Vets often recommend this as a quick fix for the occasional upset stomach.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">For dogs with ongoing loose stool issues, as well as gas, skin conditions and frequent ear infections, Vetri-Science Probiotic is the highest rated probiotic by consumers for alleviating these symptoms. </span><br /><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div><div><h3><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">When to Contact the Vet</span></h3><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">You should contact the vet under any of the following circumstances:</span></div><div><ul><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Diarrhea persist</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> for 2 or more days</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Blood in the Feces</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Refusal to Eat or Drink after one day</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pale or tacky gums</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Vomiting</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pain</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Depression or lethargy</span></li><li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This is a puppy that is not fully vaccinated </span></li></ul></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>

Osteosarcoma in Dogs: Diagnosis, Treatment and Outcomes

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieMu3klHUNYEtJS_ij1fFuZBJKoSkdxqXn7lg3b8M-AEXWLvFD_WAukPqsBelx60reKA5l-zvXHmBv_wgdm84wgQ3GoGS5kVlfxpNX3qXKXwDJ0Fuwru3pu4m7SRN7HSocQ-J8wXODNqp2/s1600/Great_Dane_and_Chihuahua_Skeletons.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieMu3klHUNYEtJS_ij1fFuZBJKoSkdxqXn7lg3b8M-AEXWLvFD_WAukPqsBelx60reKA5l-zvXHmBv_wgdm84wgQ3GoGS5kVlfxpNX3qXKXwDJ0Fuwru3pu4m7SRN7HSocQ-J8wXODNqp2/s320/Great_Dane_and_Chihuahua_Skeletons.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Great Dane and Chihuahua Skeletons<br />Courtesy of <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Great_Dane_and_Chihuahua_Skeletons.jpg" target="_blank">Wikimedia Commons</a></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="MsoNormal">While Osteosarcoma represents just 5% of all canine tumors, it is estimated that between 6000 and 8000 new cases will be diagnosed this year in the United States. As the most common type of bone cancer in dogs, Osteosarcoma accounts for approximately 85% of canine tumors that originate in the skeletal system. This is an aggressive cancer where malignant tumors develop deep within the bone; from there they destroy healthy bone and remodel it with tumorous bone from the inside out.  The tumerous bone becomes increasingly painful and is not as strong as healthy bone, potentially causing the bone to break easily with minor injury.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Risk Factors Associated With Development of Osteosarcoma In Dogs</b></div><div class="MsoNormal">Osteosarcoma is generally a disease of large breed dogs, and although any size dog may develop the disease, it is estimated that large breeds such as the Scottish Deerhound are 200 times more likely to develop the disease than are toy breeds. High risk breeds include Rottweilers, Deerhounds, Greyhounds, Great Pyrenees and Mastiffs as well as other large breed dogs.  Typical age of onset is 7-10 years of age, however large breeds may develop the disease earlier, in fact there have been large breed cases with diagnosis as early as under one year of age. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Factors that are suspected in increasing risk of developing the disease in addition to breed size include puppy diets that promote rapid puppy growth, spay and neuter, genetics and environmental factors: </div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><ul><li>As tumors are frequently found near growth plates, factors that affect the growth rate and promote rapid growth are suspected in increasing likelihood of developing this cancer. </li><li>One long term historical study of Rottweilers showed that the earlier that a puppy was spayed or neutered the more likely it was to develop Osteosarcoma. Casterated males are 65% more likely to develop this cancer than intact males, and spayed females are 35% more likely to develop the disease than intact females.</li><li>As certain lines of dogs within breeds have an increased propensity for developing this cancer, a genetic component is suspected as well.</li><li>Fluoridation of drinking water has been linked to the development of Osteosarcoma in studies of both rats and young men in the North Eastern United States.</li></ul><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Diagnosis of Oesteosarcoma</b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://themodernbark.blogspot.com/2013/03/15-warning-signs-of-cancer-in-dogs.html" target="_blank">Symptoms of Osteosarcoma</a> will vary based on the location of the primary tumor. As the tumor grows, the affected area becomes increasingly painful. Swelling eventually develops around the tumor and the area is painful to the touch.  </div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><ul><li>Development of a tumor in a leg bone may cause sudden onset lameness or intermittent lameness over a period of several weeks.</li><li>Dog with tumors in their jaw bones may exhibit difficulty swallowing and/or excessive drooling. </li><li>Dogs with cranial or spinal tumors may present with neurologic deficits. </li><li>Dogs with pelvic tumors may exhibit difficulty defecating as their primary symptom.</li></ul><br /><div class="MsoNormal">It is important to see a veterinarian as soon as you suspect the disease, as it progresses very rapidly.  In most instances once a diagnosis of Osteosarcoma has been made, it has already micrometastasized to other areas of the body including the lungs and other bones.  Additionally, as the tumorous bone is weaker than normal bone, it can fracture easily.  Pathological fractures resulting from Osteosarcoma will not heal, so it is important to begin treatment as soon as possible.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Diagnosis is initially made by x-ray.  Once a bone tumor is suspected, the veterinarian should take x-rays of the lungs as well to see if the tumor has metastasized to that area.  Prognosis and treatment options will vary greatly if metastasis is evident in the lungs.  The tumor will also be aspirated with a small needle to obtain a sample of the tumor for further analysis and determination of the nature of the tumor.  This procedure does carry a small risk that the aspiration of the tumor could fracture the already weakened bone.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Additionally, the vet may aspirate the lymph nodes or any skin masses, do a full blood panel and perform an abdominal ultrasound in order to determine the spread of the cancer and overall health of the dog.  A bone scan may be performed in order to determine the spread of the disease to other bones and the extent of the tumor in the primary location.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Treatment For Osteosarcoma<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">The standard of care for the treatment of Osteosarcoma requires that the tumor be removed to prevent further spread of the disease.  In most instances, this means amputation of the affected limb.  Dogs typically respond well to this treatment, however overweight dogs, arthritic dogs or elderly dogs may not be good candidates for amputation.  </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">If the tumor has not progressed too far, a limb sparing procedure may be attempted.  The most successful procedures are performed where the tumor is on the bone just above the wrist of the dog and the tumor is still relatively small in size. Generally in these procedures, the removed bone must be replaced with bone from another site on the dog or from a bone bank.  Since there is a high complication rate with this procedure and a longer, more involved recovery than an amputation, amputation may eventually be necessary anyway.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">In cases where neither amputation nor limb sparing procedures can be performed, the dog may be treated with palliative radiation therapy.  While radiation will not extend the life of the dog, it can be an effective pain management tool to improve the quality of the remaining life of the dog. This treatment provides relief to approximately 75% of the dogs that receive this therapy.  Radiation doses are given 1 to 4 times and are usually administered at one week intervals.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Follow-up to surgical removal of the tumor or limb includes chemotherapy.  In most instances the tumor has already micrometastisized at the time of diagnosis.  Chemotherapy, while not effective in treating tumors with visible signs of existence, is effective at destroying the microscopic disease.<br /><br />Updated 11/5/13: <a href="http://themodernbark.blogspot.com/2013/11/breakthrough-in-pain-treatment-for-dogs.html" target="_blank">Breakthrough in Pain Management for Dogs Suffering with Osteosarcoma</a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Prognosis After Treatment For Osteosarcoma<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">Following surgery, dogs that do not receive chemotherapy can expect an average life span of an additional 3 months post surgery.  Those treated with chemotherapy may enjoy a median lifespan of one year.  Approximately 50% treated with both surgery and chemotherapy will survive 1 year, less than 30% will survive two years and 10% will make it to 3 years.  While these statistics sound discouraging, it is important to keep in mind that in dog years, and especially in large breeds with shorter life expectancies, an additional year represents between 10-13% of a dog’s total expected life span.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Improving Your Dogs Odds In Preventing Development Of Osteosarcoma<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">If you have a large breed dog, or are aware that this issue has developed within your dog’s lines, there are some precautions you can take to improve his odds at heading-off or delaying the onset of the disease.</div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><ul><li>Feed your puppy an “all life stages” dog food, and not a specially formulated puppy food that will accelerate growth.</li><li>Wait until your dog is at least one year old before spaying or neutering him or her.  Leave males intact if you have a well fenced yard and no intact females in the home.</li><li>Provide spring water for drinking water for your dog; carbon based filters such as PUR and Brita do not remove fluoride.</li><li>Regularly examine your dog while petting for lumps and sensitive areas as he ages.</li></ul><br /><iframe border="0" frameborder="0" height="250" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://rcm-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/cm?t=modernbark-20&o=1&p=12&l=ur1&category=pets&banner=1AJM1MA6X0QWZBSEHER2&f=ifr" style="border: none;" width="300"></iframe>

15 Warning Signs of Cancer in Dogs

<br /><div class="MsoNormal"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNIAXg0xcS-LUxnt594VM7fUC0OQ-8r_fB1jTaJaHPODpp4SewffkhRN1gv7K0F7zQOtZJx2EaVaLX6oGlczRZPmg6B0G4g2naoGLMnmiT23dK2BUolRxOsX-DAJIf8lgON4_WVZ7ACEyE/s1600/362-dog-sleeping-on-the-road+%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNIAXg0xcS-LUxnt594VM7fUC0OQ-8r_fB1jTaJaHPODpp4SewffkhRN1gv7K0F7zQOtZJx2EaVaLX6oGlczRZPmg6B0G4g2naoGLMnmiT23dK2BUolRxOsX-DAJIf8lgON4_WVZ7ACEyE/s320/362-dog-sleeping-on-the-road+%25283%2529.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.pdpics.com/photo/362-362-dog-sleeping-on-the-road/" target="_blank">Courtesy of PDPics.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="text-align: center;">Cancer is increasingly common in pet animals, and as pets age, the likelihood of contracting some form of the disease increases substantially.  In fact, cancer accounts for almost half of the deaths of pets over 10 years of age. </span><br /><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span><span style="text-align: center;">In breeds like the golden retriever it is estimated that between 60 and 80% will contract a form of cancer. But cancer is not restricted to geriatric canines, dogs as young as 4 years old may be diagnosed with it.</span><br /><br />While dogs in general contract cancer at approximately the same rate as humans; cats tend to get fewer cancers, perhaps owing to their nine lives. Some cancers such as Hemangiosarcom and Oesteosarcoma have a higher rate of occurrence within certain breeds, suggesting a genetic component is probably at work.<br /><br />If your dog’s breed has a propensity for developing a specific type of cancer, it is a good idea to familiarize yourself with the early warning symptoms of the onset of the disease.  Awareness of the signs of cancer in dogs combined with early detection and quick action can significantly improve the outcome for your pet.<br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><h3>Common Warning Signs of Cancer in Dogs</h3></div><div class="MsoNormal">If you suspect a combination of the following symptoms in your pet, consult your veterinarian promptly; when it comes to the health of your pet, it is always better to be safe now than sorry later. <br /><br /></div><ol><li><b>Foul Odors from the Mouth or Other Orifices</b>: Foul Odors from the Mouth: If you detect offensive odors emanating from your dog’s mouth, and there has been no change in diet, you should have it checked out. Halitosis combined with excessive drooling, difficulty eating or swallowing can be a sign of oral cancer.   Bloody saliva indicates a prompt visit to the vet is in order. Bad odors from the ears, anal area or any other part of your pet’s body, should be checked out as well.  While food allergies, mites, impacted anal glands, infections from bites or scrapes or yeast infections can cause foul odors, it is best to seek veterinary advice to clear up any of these conditions and check for the underlying cause of the odor.</li><li><b>Nasal discharge.</b> This can be a sign of allergies, or especially if discolored or bloody, a symptom of cancer of the nasal and sinus cavities.</li><li><b>Excessive Drooling and Difficulty Eating or Swallowing.</b>  Excessive drooling, especially combined with a strong halitosis merits further investigation.  Anytime a dog has difficulty eating or swallowing you should consult a veterinarian immediately.  </li><li><b>Difficulty Breathing and Coughing.</b> Dogs having difficulty breathing  should be examined immediately.  For both humans and dogs, shortness of breath is a critical symptom.  Heart disease, lung cancer and hemangiosarcoma are potential underlying causes of breathing difficulties.  Early detection of any of these diseases can improve your dog’s prognosis.</li><li><b>Excessive Panting.</b>  It is normal for dogs to pant following exercise (for 20-30 minutes) or in extremely warm conditions.  Prolonged panting however may be a symptom of a severe injury or chronic illness such as heart failure, Cushing's syndrome, pneumonia or lung tumors.  </li><li><b>Loss of Appetite</b>. Dogs usually do not stop eating without a cause.  If your dog suddenly loses his appetite and there has been no change in diet, you should consider a trip to the vet, particularly if it is combined with some of the other symptoms on this list.  While this may not be a symptom of cancer, it could be a symptom of another serious issue where early intervention is beneficial.</li><li><b>Lethargy.</b> Lack of stamina or fatigue developing over a relatively short time frame can be symptoms of cancer.  Beyond normal aging, a dog that over a period of weeks or months that exhibits a noticeable decrease in activity levels should be seen by your veterinarian.  Other possible causes of lethargy and lack of appetite can include parasites such as tapeworms, roundworms, hookworms and whipworms, conditions that you will also want to address quickly.</li><li><b>Depression.  </b>You can’t put your finger on it, but Rover just doesn't seem to be himself.  Depressed dogs don’t seem to take pleasure in their usual activities; they tend to lie down away from the family activities exhibiting a decreased interest in their surroundings.  This can be a symptom of a change in the family dynamic or environment, but if there have been no changes to the family routine, depression combined with a several other symptoms on this list should be noted when discussing your dog’s health with your veterinarian.</li><li><b>Changes in Bathroom Habits. </b>A dog that is normally well house trained begins soiling the house (and there have been no changes in the household dynamics to upset him) or the consistency of the bowel movement is unusual.  This symptom combined with depression were our first clues that something was wrong with our dog Kebe, prior to her being diagnosed with a branching cancerous tumor. Additionally, difficulty using the bathroom, frequent bathroom use or blood in urine or stool are all symptoms indicating a prompt visit to your vet is in order.</li><li><b>Abdominal Distention.</b> If your dog’s abdomen becomes bloated or distended it could be a sign of an accumulation of abnormal discharge within the body. Accumulation of fluids can be indicative of congestive heart failure and <a href="http://themodernbark.blogspot.com/2013/05/4-promising-studies-early-detection-and.html" target="_blank">cardiac hemangiosarcoma</a>.</li><li><b>Lameness or Difficulty Walking. </b> Sudden onset of lameness or pain during exercise, when the dog has not engaged in any extreme physical activities can be indicative of arthritis or <a href="http://themodernbark.blogspot.com/2013/04/osteosarcoma-in-dogs-diagnosis.html" target="_blank">bone cancer (osteosarcoma).</a></li><li><b>Weight Loss: </b> Just as in humans, cancer can cause its victims to lose weight dramatically.  If your pet has experienced weight loss, and you have not adjusted caloric intake or increased activity levels of your pet, then a trip to the vet is indicated.  If you notice sudden weight loss in your dog, along with other signs from this list (especially weight loss combined with decreased activity levels), be sure to mention it to your veterinarian.</li><li><b>Vomiting or Diarrhea.</b>  Vomiting and/or excessive diarrhea that continue for more than a day should be checked out by a vet.  At the very least, the dog may become dehydrated, a condition easily remedied by administration of fluids.  Prolonged vomiting or the inablility to hold down fluids and solids can indicate pancreatitis, kidney disease or digestive cancer.</li><li><b>Lumps That are Unresolved or Growing.</b> Not all lumps on or under your dog’s skin will be cancerous, but they are a cause for concern.  If the lump is growing rapidly, is ulcerated or bleeding, warm or painful to the touch you should consult your veterinarian. While it may just be a cyst, your vet can perform a needle biopsy and a veterinary pathologist can determine if the cells are cancerous or not.</li><li><b>Sores That Don’t Heal. </b>If your pet has wounds or sores that are not healing, it could be a sign of infection, skin disease, diabetes or cancer.</li></ol><div class="MsoNormal">While many items on this list, when exhibited individually, are not cause for concern, an accumulation of 3 or more of these symptoms is reason to visit your veterinarian.<br /><br />As your pet ages, it is a good idea to routinely examine him by stroking and petting his entire body. Tummy rubs and scratching around the ears and neck can aid in detecting any unusually bumps, and your dog will enjoy it too.  An annual physical examination along with annual laboratory analysis (for elderly pets) can be useful in early detection of a variety of disorders including those that affect the kidney, liver, heart or bowel.</div><script type="text/javascript"><!-- amazon_ad_tag = "bungonews-20"; amazon_ad_width = "300"; amazon_ad_height = "250";//--></script><script type="text/javascript" src="http://ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/s/ads.js"></script>

5 Reasons Why Dogs Eat Dirt - And You Should Too!

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlI8uEOCoeNd_LKBRYZSimiLnc20k6XAwGnHz9YsMDPTD9xSxUwSgZGRHm8xVpOZFYnqePbPEKdFBnhyphenhyphenSYMd0EssSDROAaivomQVROYwoVuc_aNTZPGf43NWQhS_0ucTBIqmeMgeKu35N0/s1600/Beagle+sea.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlI8uEOCoeNd_LKBRYZSimiLnc20k6XAwGnHz9YsMDPTD9xSxUwSgZGRHm8xVpOZFYnqePbPEKdFBnhyphenhyphenSYMd0EssSDROAaivomQVROYwoVuc_aNTZPGf43NWQhS_0ucTBIqmeMgeKu35N0/s320/Beagle+sea.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;">By </span><a href="http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/view_photog.php?photogid=149" style="background-color: white; color: #3db2d5; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: initial;">federico stevanin</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;">, published on 08 November 2008</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;">Stock photo - image ID: 1001821</span></td></tr></tbody></table>As scientists of various disciplines investigate the topic of dirt eating, or more accurately clay eating, they are discovering that it is more prevalent across geographic regions and species than previously imagined.  Humans, primates, dogs, cats, parrots, buffalo, deer and even fruit bats engage in clay eating or geophagia, a subset of pica.<br /><br />Until now it has been assumed that the animals engaging in geophagia were either malnourished or suffering from a form of obsessive compulsive disorder originating from boredom.  New studies indicate that there may be other factors at work in the age old practice of clay eating. In our list of five reasons your dog eats clay, we offer up three traditional explanations as well as two new explanations that are gaining credence in the international dirt-eating research community.<br /><div class="MsoNormal"><h3><b>Eating Soil From Boredom, Habit or OCD</b></h3>It has been noted that bored dogs can get into the destructive habit of digging holes and then consuming the unearthed soil or clay as a by-product of the digging behavior.  In some dogs, this behavior takes on an obsessive quality, with dogs digging 2-3 new holes per day, leaving yards pock-marked with ankle-bending divots.  This behavior is different from that of the dog that returns to the same beloved spot in the yard for his daily dose of dirt, frequently an area of moist clay.  Habitual digging is a behavioral issue that should be addressed with training, increased interaction and exercise.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><h3><b>Clay Eating to Relieve Hunger</b></h3>Some trainers have suggested that dogs fed a single meal a day are relieving hunger pains by adding a clay snack to their diet.  If your dog is on a single meal regimen and eating soil, you may try stepping him up to two meals a day to see if that curbs his clay appetite.  If that does not work, read on.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaNRIsvzAZDkI4ndTt5sAIgpvKSMBKMIJLxCh-2_zS78dgq447wbMKpOo6XMYqZh4DRrLq76m-wYPmLRW2__qVaThkBoCZRakcgTE4exItm8pT9MeuNvM7Wxgw1qqGsWC86yjn2FSh9WQ2/s1600/Spaniel+lick.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaNRIsvzAZDkI4ndTt5sAIgpvKSMBKMIJLxCh-2_zS78dgq447wbMKpOo6XMYqZh4DRrLq76m-wYPmLRW2__qVaThkBoCZRakcgTE4exItm8pT9MeuNvM7Wxgw1qqGsWC86yjn2FSh9WQ2/s320/Spaniel+lick.jpg" width="212" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;">By </span><a href="http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/view_photog.php?photogid=503" rel="me" style="background-color: white; color: #3db2d5; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: initial;">Tina Phillips</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;">, published on 10 August 2012</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: justify;">Stock photo - image ID: 10095988</span></td></tr></tbody></table><h3><b>Dogs Eating Dirt For Missing Nutrients</b></h3>Soil contains many trace elements and nutrients that are not readily available in packaged foods; clay eaters may be seeking minerals that their normal diet is lacking.  In fact, geophagia in expectant human mothers in Nigeria (an area low in available calcium) is a centuries-old indicator of pregnancy.  In other regions of Africa, where calcium is readily available, clay eating is not particularly prevalent among expecting mothers. Perhaps the pregnant, clay-eating women in Nigeria and other regions of the world are adding calcium, sodium and iron to supplement their diets for their developing fetus.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><h3><b>Clay Eating For Relief of Digestive Upset</b></h3>For centuries man has used clay minerals to relieve vomiting, diarrhea and stomach upset.  In fact, Kaopectate, a remedy for relief of gas, bloat and diarrhea, was originally formulated with Kaolin, a clay mineral.  Ironically, clay can also contain parasites, which may create a vicious circle.  The dog eats clay to alleviate the discomfort created by the parasites, while ultimately re-infecting himself with greater numbers of parasites.  It’s a good idea to get a stool sample to the vet if your dogs is eating a lot of clay to rule out parasitic infestations.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><h3><b>People and Dogs Eat Dirt to Detoxify?</b></h3>Clay has long been considered a detoxifier. The Mesopotamians and ancient Egyptians used mud as a treatment for wounds and to treat various digestive ailments.  Today spas worldwide offer mud baths as a path to detoxification.  As kaolin and other clay minerals have the ability to bind toxins and remove them from the system, this motive for clay eating has now moved to the forefront of scientific research.  </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Returning to the subject of pregnant clay eaters, women across Sub-Saharan regions and the Southern United States have consumed clay to alleviate morning sickness.  It has been proposed that morning sickness is actually the body's attempt to remove toxins from the system.  Even pregnant fruit bats increase their daily diet of clay.  It is surmised that as they increase their diet of fruit as well as fruit seeds, which contain toxic properties, they are using the clay to remove the additional toxins from their bodies. The binding properties of clay may not only be removing toxins from the system; clay possesses the additional ability to bind food born bacteria and viruses that would be harmful to the mother and developing fetus.  </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Ranchers too have long used clay when preparing livestock feed to inhibit toxin transmission. And now a few researchers are now proposing exploiting clay’s pathogen-binding talents to purify water. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Dogs eating packaged foods with traces of antibiotics or chemicals remaining in them or grass, weeds and run-off from treated lawns, may be attempting to remove toxins from their systems.  It is likely that geophagia is a specific defense that has evolved across a spectrum of species to combat toxicity and, also ease mineral deficiencies. <br /><br />But, if you’re feeling that old kaolin craving, we suggest you stick with safe commercial products that have been heated or otherwise sterilized.  If you have a favorite dig in your neighborhood, heat the dirt or clay in the over at 200 degrees for atleast 2 hours before consuming it.  That should eliminate most parasites. <i> Bon Apetite!</i><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><object class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="http://img.youtube.com/vi/u4NVm_P_JE0/0.jpg" height="266" width="320"><param name="movie" value="http://youtube.googleapis.com/v/u4NVm_P_JE0&source=uds" /><param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><embed width="320" height="266" src="http://youtube.googleapis.com/v/u4NVm_P_JE0&source=uds" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Southern Clay - The Difference Between "Ground Dirt" and Tasty Clay</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><br /></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><object class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="http://img.youtube.com/vi/A9DOoTqY6Zs/0.jpg" height="266" width="320"><param name="movie" value="http://youtube.googleapis.com/v/A9DOoTqY6Zs&source=uds" /><param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><embed width="320" height="266" src="http://youtube.googleapis.com/v/A9DOoTqY6Zs&source=uds" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Pregnant Woman Obsessively Craving Dirt to Eat</b></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><script type="text/javascript"><!-- amazon_ad_tag = "bungonews-20"; amazon_ad_width = "300"; amazon_ad_height = "250";//--></script><script type="text/javascript" src="http://ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/s/ads.js"></script>

Canine Hip Dysplasia Can Now Be Predicted At Birth By DNA

<br /><div class="MsoNormal"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br /><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBdMyz2PldAXzv5aGum3zUu2gIy5yEYOWEfxtnBh5PYaD83ZznaFlRln7kj_A8dZDfIUisoJCeCmm9DhI442bBhpczMmEbW4xb8ITPk8ZBJhOPzAfPBVp75MwZaUKfs5r8O8W_67YDGK4Z/s1600/origin_3100685891.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBdMyz2PldAXzv5aGum3zUu2gIy5yEYOWEfxtnBh5PYaD83ZznaFlRln7kj_A8dZDfIUisoJCeCmm9DhI442bBhpczMmEbW4xb8ITPk8ZBJhOPzAfPBVp75MwZaUKfs5r8O8W_67YDGK4Z/s400/origin_3100685891.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">http://www.flickr.com/photos/dimas_sc/3100685891/</td></tr></tbody></table>A few breeders and I occasionally have a chuckle over the fact that pet buyers seem to be more concerned with knowing hip scores than are most other breeders.  Perhaps the other breeders have already done their homework on the OFA database or our websites; it certainly appears that the puppy buyers have done their homework regarding finding a reputable breeder. Good for them; that’s the kind of home I like <a href="http://www.solarasbordercollies.com/Border_Collie_Puppies.html" target="_blank">my puppies</a> to go to.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Canine Hip Dysplasia is a physically debilitating disorder that is both emotionally and financial draining for dog owners.  With no cure other than pain management or hip replacement surgery, diagnosis of hip dysplasia is the breeder’s as well as the pet owner’s heartbreak.  Stocky breeds such as the Bulldog and those weighing over 60 pounds such as the St. Bernard experience hip dysplasia rates of up to 72% and 46% respectively.  It is estimated by Cornell University that 22% of canine hospitalizations in the USA are hip dysplasia related. Interestingly, the disease’s occurrence is minimal in sight hounds such as the whippet, saluki, borzoi and greyhound with an average occurrence of just 1-2%.  Border collies fall in the middle range of dysplasia occurrence at around 11%.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">For over 40 years, breeders have attempted to minimize the occurrence of canine hip dysplasia (CHD) through the use of phenotypical screening methods.   As a predictive method for removing poor breeding candidates from their breeding programs, responsible breeders have submitted x-rays of mature dogs for hip scoring to institutions such as the OFA, BVA, FCI and University of Pennsylvannia seeking to determine the laxity of the hip joint, and therefore the likelihood of the animal developing CHD as a trait that might be passed on to its progeny.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Various studies of the efficacy of these screening programs have met with mixed results.  Some studies show little to no improvement in the occurrence of CHD. Even in countries, such as Finland, where an enforced threshold of hip scores was applied to registrations, results were varied across breeds, with some breeds demonstrating a lower incidence of CHD and others showing an actual increase in CHD.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Canine hip dysplasia is understood to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.  As a polygenetic mode of inheritance has long been suspected, attempts to isolate the genetics of the disease have long been frustrated.  Breeders seeking to improve their lines and their breed have been marginally successful as a whole, despite their best efforts.  Forty years of breeders’ best efforts may call into question the scoring methodologies of the various institutions.  <br /><a name='more'></a><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>OFA vs. PennHIP</b></div><div class="MsoNormal">OFA uses a single radiographic view, the hip-extended view, to determine laxity of the hip joint (a predictive measure of the likelihood of developing CHD).  By contrast, the PennHIP method uses 3 radiographic views (the distraction view, the compression view and the hip-extended view) to determine the laxity of the joint.  A study released in 2010 by the University of Pennsylvania <span style="color: #1f497d; mso-themecolor: text2;">(http://webcanine.com/2010/canine-hip-dysplasia-may-be-underreported/)</span>, compared results from dogs scored by both OFA and PennHIP to determine the likelihood of CHD onset. Their findings were disturbing. According to Penn researchers, “Even if breeders were to selectively breed only those dogs having OFA-rated “excellent” hips — the highest ranking but in some breeds, a very small gene pool, the study suggests that 52-100 percent of the progeny, depending on breed, would be susceptible to hip dysplasia based on the Penn Vet scoring method.”  In fact 52% of the dogs with OFA “excellent” scores, 82% of the OFA “good” scores and 95% of the OFA “fair” scores fell below the PennHIP threshold of.3, making them by PennHIP standards susceptible to CHD. (It should be noted that the University of Pennsylvania holds the patent for the PennHIP test, and a financial incentive could exist in their findings).  Could the PennHIP method provide the key to a significant reduction in incidence of CHD?</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">PennHIP allows for early testing of puppies; they may be tested as early as sixteen weeks, which is still well beyond the typical puppy placement age of around 8 weeks. By contrast, OFA scores may not be obtained until the dog has reached 2 years of age.  As 3 x-ray views are required for the PennHIP testing method, depending on your area of the country, the cost can be substantially greater than OFA testing.  Additionally, the PennHIP method does not currently have the same recognition international as the OFA methodology.  What if a genetic test existed that could predict the likelihood of developing CHD?</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Genetic Testing</b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3Wx5HSomQCOIaw9-qzps0JWxXIAjIAiLtHSz-LbfhYzc1Sfoi3lLUP8SexjKxrb4HMjy_aEZg5Fu2b4fnBGSwbS4zBxpc_pRKRuufDt8ck8MNFYyu-yNVhLbd5Ec8yPRRvn_7kvywmWPo/s1600/_TWO8578.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3Wx5HSomQCOIaw9-qzps0JWxXIAjIAiLtHSz-LbfhYzc1Sfoi3lLUP8SexjKxrb4HMjy_aEZg5Fu2b4fnBGSwbS4zBxpc_pRKRuufDt8ck8MNFYyu-yNVhLbd5Ec8yPRRvn_7kvywmWPo/s320/_TWO8578.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><a href="http://www.genome.gov/12511476" target="_blank">The canine genome projec</a>t, begun in June 2003, determined that the canine genome contains approximately 2.5 billion DNA pairs, much like that of humans and other mammals.  In 2004, a preliminary set of about 600,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which amounts to a SNP roughly every 5,000 DNA base pairs, was released to researchers to aid in the study of genetically transmitted diseases and disorders. Armed with this massive amount of data, researchers at the <a href="http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC3065507/" target="_blank">Department of Animal Science, China Agricultural University,Beijing, China</a> <span style="color: #1f497d; mso-themecolor: text2;"> </span>developed an algorithm that accurately predicts CHD from genomic data.  This means that puppies can be tested prior to weaning, in fact as soon as DNA is available, allowing for poor breeding prospects to be petted-out well before maturity.  </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">The Beijing researchers’ model was based on 359 dogs in the first sample and 38 dogs in the second sample.  The dogs whose results were used in the study came from the Baker Institute, The Guiding Eyes for the Blind and Cornell University Hospital for Animals (as the 38 dog control group).</div><div class="MsoNormal">They began by developing an Estimated Breeding Value (EBV) of each of the dogs based on 4 criteria: the dog’s Norberg Angle (NA), OFA score, the distraction index (DI) and the dorsolateral subluxation score (DLS). The former two are evaluated from the extended hip projection and are phenotypically as well as genetically correlated while the latter two are evaluated on different x-ray views and are also phenotypically and genetically correlated. It is interesting to note that the researchers believed that no measure alone completely represents hip morphology. In fact, their methodology was the similar to that of the PennHIP with the OFA score thrown in for good measure.  In the final analysis, the Norberg angle (NA) correlated to the OFA score and as most dogs had NAs measured, NA was chosen for this study to determine the EBV. The researchers then used 22,000 SNP’s across the genome and the EBV of the sample dogs to produce the predictive formula, an algorithm, termed the Genomic Breeding Value (GBV).  </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Validation of the Formula Methodology:</b></div><div class="MsoNormal">The researchers performed two types of validations consisting of a cross validation and an independent validation. For the cross validation they used a Jackknife Cross Validation.  This consisted of hiding the dog’s EBV and removing its GBV from the dataset used to create the original predictive formula. The formula was then recalculated by using the EBV and genotype from the other 358 dogs in the study. This process was repeated for each of the 359 dogs. The cross validation performed showed a strong correlation (R>0.7) above 70% between the EBV (phenotype) and the GBV (genetic). </div><div class="MsoNormal">To develop the independent validation, the GBV formula was applied to 38 Labrador retriever dogs with no pedigree relationship to the original 359 dogs from which the GBV formula was derived. Correlations between the predicted GBV and the actual EBV (the physical conformation of the dog) were compared.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>The Results:</b></div><div class="MsoNormal">When 5,000 SNPs out of the original 22,000 SNPs remained in the formula, the correlation was remarkable, above 0.98 or 98%. The researchers then identified the 100-500 most influential SNPs that had provided the most information to the GBV formula. The reduced number of SNPs showed that genomic prediction could remain effective with the most influential 100-500 SNPs chosen from the original 22,000SNPs.  However, as the number of SNPs in the reference panel dropped below 50, the formula became significantly less reliable.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><a href="http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC3065507/" target="_blank">The Beijing researchers</a> expect that a reliable GBV predictive formula for hip conformation will be available for most breeds of interest, “Prediction of CHD from genomic data is feasible, and can be applied for risk management of CHD and early selection for genetic improvement to reduce the prevalence of CHD in breeding programs. The prediction can be implemented before maturity, at which age current radiographic screening programs are traditionally applied, and as soon as DNA is available.” However, phenotypical testing (hip x-ray grading) will continue to be necessary in order to retrain the GBV predictive formula, and thereby refine the accuracy of the genomic predictive model. </div><div class="MsoNoSpacing"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">While the majority of the 359 dogs used in the study were Labrador retrievers and Lab crosses with Greyhounds, other minor breeds’ hip morphologies were also well predicted by the GBV formula. Therefore, we can expect that multiple breeds will be able to be integrated together into a single genetic test, even though they are from diversified phenotypic and genotypic populations. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIOHEDG0R1nMBAq3G8SHWoMuk6jLxV2LasB_7kKPdARIGo8Z-thdQKUnAtbhMXSyBfs0wd4wEL2MheQn3W222tOGmCG02yGsJcybxOZF-X8NXoA0cRf54cVyLuYSqgwj0_CuIs-ZqmwYDD/s1600/_TWO8581.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIOHEDG0R1nMBAq3G8SHWoMuk6jLxV2LasB_7kKPdARIGo8Z-thdQKUnAtbhMXSyBfs0wd4wEL2MheQn3W222tOGmCG02yGsJcybxOZF-X8NXoA0cRf54cVyLuYSqgwj0_CuIs-ZqmwYDD/s320/_TWO8581.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><b>Implications:</b></div><div class="MsoNormal">The possibility of a genetic test for predicting CHD in young puppies raises some interesting ethical questions.  Puppies genetically predisposed to CHD should be removed from breeding programs, but where do they go?  What are the ethics of breeders presenting puppies to pet puppy buyers knowing that they have a strong likelihood (70% or greater) of developing CHD?  Additionally, if the genetic statistics correspond with those of the University of Pennsylvania survey, we are left with a very small gene pool in many breeds.  Add to that other genetic disorders being researched, such as cancer and breed specific issues, and the gene pool of good breeding candidates is likely to grow even smaller.  Relying on a substantially reduced gene pool could have unintended consequences.  Recessive, genetic “trash” could manifest into new, more terrifying health issues.  </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">These are all questions that are sure to be discussed heatedly as understanding of the canine genome progresses. Once these tests are available to the public, they will have to be financially feasible in order to effectively make an impact on breeding programs.  As we approach this new era in breeding prospect selectivity, perhaps a stepped approach to improving breeding prospects is in order.  Under this approach, initially breeders would breed one dog with a relatively high EBV and GBV to one with a moderate EBV and GBV, and seek to improve the GBV threshold for the sire or dam on each successive generation.  This would be a measured approach, however canine generations evolve very quickly – every 2 years compared with 20 years in humans.  Your thoughts and comments are welcomed!<br /><br />photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/dimas_sc/3100685891/">Dimas_</a> via <a href="http://photopin.com/">photopin</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/">cc</a></div>

Easy, Healthy Pumpkin Dog Treat Receipe

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkEiqT3JfiMpmsH9j6-0qJKje0DTU7-jSSB5XnvKiCdN4vXQ4Y28thdiaXoDIf26YjaLKF9O1dt5nD21QGfRUZ4TgysyM5JRhlY8ZI_TZmqVoI7lPZm6sA2TU0R7hk6PjdnLYrVPs042Hk/s1600/ruby_lick+lg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkEiqT3JfiMpmsH9j6-0qJKje0DTU7-jSSB5XnvKiCdN4vXQ4Y28thdiaXoDIf26YjaLKF9O1dt5nD21QGfRUZ4TgysyM5JRhlY8ZI_TZmqVoI7lPZm6sA2TU0R7hk6PjdnLYrVPs042Hk/s200/ruby_lick+lg.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>Canned pumpkin tops the list of the most nutritious fruits and vegetables!  Rich in Vitamin C and E, high in fiber as well as antioxidants, it also helps to control loose stools.  Add to that a teaspoon of cinnamon, an anti-inflammatory that improves blood circulation and helps regulate blood sugar and lower cholesterol,  and you have a super<a href="http://www.wags-n-whiskers-giftbaskets.com/Gourmet-Pet-Treats-s/1514.htm#.UPQ4aeSSNLc" target="_blank"> nutritious and inexpensive treat</a> for your best friend.  This is a <b>gluten free recipe</b> that's great for dogs on a<b> limited ingredient diet</b>. Also, dogs suffering from diabetes or arthritis will benefit especially from this recipe.<br /><div><br /><div>Preparation time 5 minutes:<br /><br /></div></div><div><b>Ingredients:</b></div><div>3/4 Cup Dry Rolled Oats</div><div>1 - 15 oz Can of Pumpkin (not the spiced pie filling)</div><div>1 - Teaspoon Cinnamon</div><div>1/2 Cup Dry Powdered Milk</div><div>2 - Tablespoons Water<br />2 - Tablespoons of Molasses - <i>optional</i></div><div><br /></div><div>Place dollops on a greased (or Pam sprayed) cookie sheet, and bake for 15-20 minutes at 300 degrees.</div><div><br /></div><div>Does your dog need to lose a little weight?  Research shows that approximately 50% of american dogs are overweight, placing unnecessary stress on the animal's joints as well as spawning other health issues such as diabetes and heart disease. To help him shed those extra pounds, reduce the dry kibble by half a cup, and add in 1/2 cup of canned pumpkin.  Pumpkin is low in calories, high in fiber and nutrients and will help your companion feel full and satisfied.<br /><br /><b>For more Easy Homemade Treat Recipes <a href="http://themodernbark.blogspot.com/2013/05/3-healthy-dog-treats-you-can-make-in.html">click here!</a></b><br /><br />Learn how to turn your leftovers and kitchen scraps into<a href="http://solaras.hubpages.com/hub/20-Dog-Snacks-Turn-Your-Leftovers-and-Kitchen-Scraps-into-Easy-Healthy-Dog-Treats" target="_blank"> Health Snacks for Your Dog</a></div>

UGA Researchers' Findings: Canine Parainfluenza Virus leads to Breakthroughs in Human Vaccines

<br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;">Mighty dogs to the rescue. Once again, our canine companions are assisting in providing invaluable medical advances to mankind.  Previous studies have shown that dogs can detect early stages of cancer as well as super bug infections in patients with hospital acquired infections. Now comes another gift from Man's Best Friend!</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;"><br /></span><span style="line-height: 19px;">Researchers at the University of Georgia have discovered that a virus commonly found in dogs, the parainfluenza virus (PIV5), could serve as the foundation for the next great breakthrough in human vaccine development. </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">PIV5, which does not cause disease in humans</span><span style="line-height: 15px;">, contributes to upper respiratory infections in dogs, and therefore is  targeted in many canine vaccines.  As the virus does not affect humans, researchers turned their eyes towards it as a potential delivery mechanism for human </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 15px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 15px;">vaccines against</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 15px;"> diseases that have previously alluded  development.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;">Science has successfully used viruses to create vaccines in the past, although for some perilous pathogens it has been difficult develop an effective vaccine.  Such pathogens include most notably HIV, malaria and tuberculosis. The researchers at UGA have found that by placing antigens from other viruses or parasites inside PIV5, it effectively becomes a delivery vehicle that exposes the human immune system to specific pathogens, which in turn allows our immune systems to create the antibodies that protect against future infection.</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><br /></span><span style="line-height: 15px;">Said Biao He, Professor of Infectious Disease at UGA's College of Veterinary Medicine and lead researcher,  "We can use this virus as a vector for all kinds of pathogens that are difficult to vaccinate against.  We have developed a very strong H5N1 flu vaccine with this technique, but we are also working on vaccines for HIV, tuberculosis and malaria."</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><br /></span>This technique ensures full exposure to the vaccine, and is much safer, as it does not require the use of attenuated, or weakened, pathogens. Using this approach, an HIV vaccine delivered by PIV5 would contain only those parts of the HIV virus necessary to create immunity, making it impossible to contract the disease from the vaccine.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It is estimated that 34 million people worldwide are infected with the HIV virus, with 3.3 million of them under the age of 15.  The leading cause of death for people living with HIV is tuberculosis.  These exciting findings bring new hope to areas of the world lacking the educational resources to help combat the spread of these diseases.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />To learn more about the study click here to visit <a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121127111350.htm" target="_blank">Science Daily.com's article.</a></span><script type="text/javascript"><!-- amazon_ad_tag = "bungonews-20"; amazon_ad_width = "300"; amazon_ad_height = "250";//--></script><script type="text/javascript" src="http://ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/s/ads.js"></script>